Bridging the Skills Gap: Evaluating the Impact of TVET on Digital and Entrepreneurial Competencies among Final-Year Students in Southeastern Nigeria

Abstract

Youth unemployment in Nigeria remains a pressing socio-economic challenge, driven by a persistent mismatch between educational outcomes and labour market needs. This study examines how Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Abia, Anambra, and Imo states of Southeastern Nigeria equip final-year students with digital and entrepreneurial skills for employment and self-reliance in a technology-driven economy. A descriptive survey design was employed, with structured questionnaires administered to 242 students across five public TVET institutions. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests revealed significant associations between digital skill exposure and readiness for digital employment (χ² = 18.23, p < .001), entrepreneurship training and confidence in starting a business (χ² = 11.42, p = .001), and practical training with an understanding of business management (χ² = 10.57, p = .001). Additionally, awareness of startup support resources was significantly associated with self-employment preparedness (χ² = 9.34, p = .002). Despite moderate exposure to basic digital and entrepreneurial skills, gaps persist in applied training, coding, and digital marketing. Infrastructural deficits and outdated curricula remain key barriers. Findings underscore the urgent need for systemic reforms to align TVET programs with Industry 4.0 demands and Nigeria’s digital economy goals.